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Roman Charity (Latin ''Caritas romana''; Italian ''Carità Romana'') is the exemplary story of a woman, Pero, who secretly breastfeeds her father, Cimon, after he is incarcerated and sentenced to death by starvation. She is found out by a jailer, but her act of selflessness impresses officials and wins her father's release.〔"Iconographical sources of nursing and nursing gestures in Christian cultures," (Darkfiber.com ), last visited 29 March 2006〕 The story is recorded in ''Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium'' (Nine Books of Memorable Acts and Sayings of the Ancient Romans)〔Book V, 5.4.7〕 by the ancient Roman historian Valerius Maximus, and was presented as a great act of ''pietas'' (i.e., filial piety) and Roman honour. A painting in the Temple of Pietas depicted the scene.〔Mary Beagon, ''The Elder Pliny on the Human Animal:'' Natural History'' Book 7'' (Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 314 (online. )〕 Among Romans, the theme had mythological echoes in Juno's breastfeeding of the adult Hercules, an Etruscan myth.〔Nancy Thomson de Grummond, ''Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend'' (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2006), pp. 83–84.〕 The story of Cimon is predated, however, by an almost identical story recorded by Roman historian Valerius Maximus, later retold by Pliny the Elder (23-79), of a jailed plebeian woman who was nursed by her daughter.〔Yalom, Marilyn (April 10, 2013). "Roman Charity", ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 5, 2014.〕 Historians note that Renaissance and Baroque depictions have more incestuous overtones.〔 In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many European artists depicted the scene.〔J. Paul Getty Museum. (Cimon and Pero: "Roman Charity." Jean-Baptiste Greuze. ), last visited 23 September 2008〕 Most outstandingly, Peter Paul Rubens painted several versions. Baroque artist Caravaggio also featured the deed (among others) in his work from 1606, ''The Seven Works of Mercy''. Neoclassical depictions tended to be more subdued.〔Shearer West, "Guide To Art." Bloomsbury, 1996 (Bloomsbury.com ), accessed 29 March 2006〕 For a 20th-century fictional account of Roman Charity, see John Steinbeck's ''The Grapes of Wrath'' (1939).〔Steinbeck, John. (''The Grapes Of Wrath''. ) New York: Viking Press, 1939.〕 At the end of the novel, Rosasharn (Rose of Sharon) nurses a sick and starving man in the corner of a barn. The 1973 surrealist film ''O Lucky Man!'' also contains a scene of Roman Charity when the protagonist is starving and a vicar's wife nurses him rather than let him plunder the food gathered for an offering.〔http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0070464/synopsis?ref_=tt_stry_pl〕 ==Artists' depictions== File:Affresco romano - Pompei - micon e pero.JPG|Fresco from Pompeii Artist unknown. Mid 1st century AD File:Roman Charity c.1500-1520.jpg|"Roman Charity" Artist unknown. (c. 1500-1520) File:Cimon and Pero - Hans Sebald Beham.jpg|"Cimon and Pero" By Hans Sebald Beham (1544) File:Roman Charity - Pieter Pauwel Reubens.jpg|"Roman Charity" By Peter Paul Rubens (c. 1612) File:Jan Janssens - Caritas Romana.jpg|"Caritas Romana'" By Jan Janssens (1620) File:Roman Charity, Cimon and Peres - Dirck Van Baburen.jpg|"Roman Charity" By Dirck Van Baburen (c. 1623) File:Roman Charity by Mellin Louvre RF 1985-81 n01.jpg|"Cimon and Pero" By Charles Mellin (c. 1628) File:Maucher Cimon und Pero.jpg|"Cimon and Pero" By Christoph Maucher (amber, 1690) File:Roman Charity - Jean-Baptiste Greuze.jpg|"Roman Charity" By Jean-Baptiste Greuze (c. 1767) File:Roman Charity - Johan Zoffany.jpg|"Roman Charity" By Johan Zoffany (c. 1769) File:The_roman_daughter_rembrandt_peale.jpg|"The Roman Daughter" By Rembrandt Peale (1811) File:Luis Monroy - Roman Charity - Google Art Project.jpg|"La caridad romana" By Luis Monroy (1873) File:Romana caritas.jpg|"Romana Caritas" By Max Sauco (2011) File:BMVB - Anònim - Cimó i Pero. Caritat romana - 1281.tif|"Roman Charity" Baroque painting of Italian School (17th century) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Charity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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